The Fenlands is a landscape that has been deliberately and profoundly transformed by people. The region contains the largest expanses of continuous flat land in the British Isles, the most continuous tilled farmland, the richest agricultural soils, and the most remarkable development of rectangular patterns. The Fenlands landscape, consisting principally of reclaimed swamp, contrasts strongly with adjoining areas, which are covered by broad spreads of boulder clay.
Along the shallow and muddy shores of the Wash lies a wide strip of silt, much of it deposited by the sea. These deposits shut off a great lagoon from rising sea levels at the end of the Ice Age. More silt was laid down alongside the channels of the rivers Witham, Welland, Nene and Ouse, which maintained courses across the shallow basin to the shore.
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