The term ‘glass ceiling’ first appeared in 1984 in The Working Woman Report by Gay Bryant. Since then it has become a feature of both economic and sociological analysis. So what does the term mean? It refers to a barrier that acts to prevent women from reaching the top levels in business. This particular phrase is used because the barrier is transparent, so that women can see the executive and management levels they would like to reach, but so strong that it is almost impossible for them to break through.
There are many observers who would argue that as a result of changes in society, such as the rise of feminist consciousness, equal opportunities legislation and the increasing state role in the provision of nursery and childcare, the concept has long passed its usefulness. If women are not represented at the highest levels of management, it is suggested, it must be as a result of their own personal choices.
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