Differential educational achievement refers to the fact that although some individual children will obviously do better than others in terms of educational success, it is also the case that such differences exist between different groups of children. That is, some groups of children will gain more exam passes than others and will be more likely to enter higher education.
The groups most commonly identified are based on gender, social class and ethnicity. These are not mutually exclusive groups — while individual children will belong to each group, each group will have one or more subdivisions. For example:
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