All exam specifications require a detailed knowledge of the origins and history of the major UK political parties and an understanding of their current ideas and policies. They also require knowledge of factors that affect party success and failure.
Keir Starmer became Labour leader 11 days after the UK went into its first national lockdown on 23 March 2020, following a humiliating electoral defeat for the party in the general election of December 2019. He pledged to unite and rebuild Labour, but without abandoning its socialist principles. Due to the incredibly challenging circumstances created by the pandemic, Starmer promised ‘no opposition for opposition’s sake’. But after initially strong polling in 2020, the results of the May 2021 elections (Box 1) show that he has found it very difficult to provide an attractive alternative vision to the government of Boris Johnson.
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