Ecologists and environmentalists agree that there is an environmental crisis which threatens the future of the planet. This crisis is caused by humans and if it is not tackled we will face huge future problems such as war, famine and mass extinction.
Environmentalism takes an anthropocentric approach that wishes to preserve the natural environment for the sake of humanity and future generations. Environmentalists tend to take a reformist approach, for example they want to increase the use of renewable energy (Box 1). Environmentalists usually believe that society does not need to be fundamentally transformed in order to tackle the crisis and may be seen as optimists because of this view.
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