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How cold is space?

Dirigible planetary exploration

Sending unmanned probes to distant planets can teach us a lot about our Solar System, with surface ‘rovers’ and now even helicopters being sent to explore. Another exciting possibility for planets with atmospheres is the use of dirigible balloons. James Lees describes the physics of balloons, the challenges of using them on distant planets, and some exciting possible uses

© Ron Miller/Science Photo Library

The terms in bold link to topics in the AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA A-level specifications, as well as the IB, Pre-U and SQA exam specifications.

Dirigible balloons provide a possible method of exploring other planets. Designing them requires an understanding of the behaviour of gases through the ideal gas law, describing the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of a gas, and some understanding of thermodynamics, including the work done by gases as they expand.

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How cold is space?

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