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MATHSKIT

Electricity, AC supplies and rms

David Swinscoe explains the meaning of the letters rms seen on some electrical equipment, and the underlying maths

An experimental set-up illustrating direct and alternating current

You may have seen the letters rms on electrical equipment. What do these letters mean, and what are the mathematics and physics behind this idea?

When powering electrical equipment, we are concerned with using the electricity supply as the source of energy, so it is electrical power that interests us. You know that you can calculate electrical power (the rate of energy transfer) P from the equation:

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Phosphine on Venus?

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Looking through water

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