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Johannes Diderik van der Waals: 1837–1923

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Aerospace engineer

Sticky feet

Studying the sticky feet of geckos has led to the development of new, very strong, adhesives. This article explains what makes gecko feet so sticky, shows how to calculate the forces involved and describes some of the gecko-inspired adhesives that have recently been developed

Figure 1 A gecko can walk upside-down on a ceiling, supporting its own weight using its sticky feet

The terms in bold link to topics in the AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA A-level specifications, as well as the IB, Pre-U and SQA exam specifications.

Attraction between surfaces results from van der Waals forces between molecules. A simple mathematical model describes how the energy of interaction depends on distance between a small object and a surface, leading to an equation for force and an estimate of the pressure exerted by a gecko’s foot.

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Johannes Diderik van der Waals: 1837–1923

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Aerospace engineer

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