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Photocells

Generating electricity using solar radiation

Susan Street looks at how photocells work and how they are tested, and at some examples of photocells in use on Earth and in space

The terms in bold link to topics in the AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA A-level specifications, as well as the IB, Pre-U and SQA exam specifications.

Photocells are made from semiconductor materials designed to generate an electric current when exposed to electromagnetic radiation. A photocell’s output depends on the radiation’s wavelength, which is related to photon energy, and its intensity. An inverse-square law describes how the intensity of solar radiation varies with distance.

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