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Transformers

Refraction to the rescue

FOTOLIA

The terms in bold link to topics in the AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA A-level specifications, as well as the IB, Pre-U and Highers/Advanced Highers exam specifications.

Sound waves can be detected after travelling vast distances through the ocean. This can be explained in terms of refraction and total internal reflection, as happens in optical fibres. The way the sound intensity changes with distance needs a variation of the inverse-square law.

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Solution and notes

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Transformers

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