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Nationalism in the nineteenth century

This article explores the concept of nation, how it was ‘invented’ in the nineteenth century, and its crucial role in warfare

Bombardment of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71

Edexcel paper 2 option D1 The unification of Italy, 1830–70

Edexcel paper 2 option D2 The unification of Germany, 1840–71

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Top tips for academic history essays

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The Penny Black

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