The end of the Russian Civil War was a confused affair. Fierce fighting had started soon after the Bolsheviks signed a peace treaty with the Germans in March 1918. The fighting continued over the next 2 years. The Bolshevik (Red) army defeated the various opposition (White) armies one by one. This meant that the end of the war came gradually.
In the east Admiral Kolchak’s forces were beaten back in a Red Army offensive that started in April 1919 and resulted in his defeat and execution in February 1920. Generals Denikin, Yudenich and Wrangel were defeated in the west and the war ended in November 1920. However, the Russo-Polish war and the Kronstadt sailors’ rebellion of March 1921 both threatened the Bolshevik regime and led to continued violence in the Soviet Union.
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