In 1569 Catholic nobles in the north of England led an uprising against Elizabeth I. Charles Neville, the Earl of Westmoreland, and Thomas Percy, the Earl of Northumberland, planned to depose Elizabeth I and install Mary Queen of Scots on the throne They raised an army of almost 5,000 troops and captured Durham and Barnard Castle. The rising was easily suppressed by Elizabeth’s army commanded by the Earl of Sussex. Hundreds of rebels (real and supposed) were executed after the failed rebellion. The Catholics’ last real chance of a mass popular rising that would overthrow a Protestant monarch had failed.
A manifesto issued by Thomas Percy and Charles Neville, justifying their rebellion, in 1569:
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