Floods are the product of multiple processes acting on landscapes. In Brazilian cities, flood frequency and magnitude have been increasing due to dense urbanisation and unplanned settlements. Deforestation and river channelling are also contributory factors. Flash floods are particularly common in Brazilian urban areas. Flash floods are sudden floods produced by short-duration intense rainfall, usually over a small area. Urbanisation increases the amount of impermeable surfaces within the drainage basin which can cause rapid response of drainage channels and flash flooding after intense rainfall.
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