Some problems are far harder to tackle than others. They cannot be solved easily using conventional decision-making logic or cost–benefit analysis. Instead, they persist as ‘wicked problems’ (Figure 1). Climate change is archetypally ‘wicked’ insofar as:
■ it has arisen from the overlap of two complex systems — the atmospheric system and global economic system — which are both composed of many interdependent parts whose operations are not fully understood
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