The UK coastline is important — more than 30% of it is developed and 23% of the population live within 10 km of the coast. Hard-engineering methods used in the past to protect the coast were deployed in a piecemeal nature and may have had negative impacts in other areas.
It is now understood that the coast is interconnected, and must be managed as a whole. In 1993 the first Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs) were created (see Box 1 and West 2015). These were updated 5 years ago and form the basis of the holistic coastal management implemented by the Environment Agency today. This article looks at SMP6 that covers east Norfolk (see Figure 1).
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