Last August Pakistan suffered its worst f looding for 80 years. There was devastation throughout the Indus Valley, people were drowned and millions lost their homes. Shortly before this Pakistan also experienced the fourth highest temperature ever recorded: 53.7°C. These extremes may be related to each other — both amount to a hazard for the people living in the affected areas. Geographers have long been interested in natural f luctuations in climate and, more recently, in what might be called human-induced hazards, such as the many negative impacts of global warming.
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