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environment today

Biomass fuels

Billions of people in the developing world burn biomass for most of their energy needs. Biomass can be a renewable fuel, but there are problems with its sustainability and its use has health and social impacts. This Environment Today tackles a topic that is useful for studies of energy issues, development, and health.

Boiling the kettle on a fire of animal dung in a nomad’s tent in Tibet

We hear a lot about renewable energy sources. There has been rapid growth in their use in Britain and many other countries. Investment in renewable energy has grown as governments try to decrease our reliance on fossil fuels, but renewables still account for only a small proportion of the energy we use in most of Europe.

By contrast, about three-quarters of all renewable energy is currently consumed in developing countries. Most of this energy comes from biological sources — fuelwood, charcoal, agricultural residues and animal dung — that are together known as ‘traditional biomass’ fuels because ultimately they are all derived from plant matter or biomass. In many countries, these resources account for more than 90% of total household energy consumption.

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