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Development

Bottom up or top down?

‘Development’ appears as a topic in the A-level courses of all the major exam boards, either as core or optional material. This article uses case studies in Swaziland and Bangladesh to illustrate the debate about the most effective means of encouraging improvement in poor people’s livelihoods.

Women queuing for food at Mother Teresa’s mission in Calcutta. Is this kind of aid helpful in the long term?

There are many different views on how the gap between the global rich and poor should be narrowed. This article looks at two of the mainstream approaches.

‘Top-down’ development describes projects where the money and ideas come from governments and large organisations, often for big schemes such as the Three Gorges dam in China. The wealth created is expected to ‘trickle down’ to the poorest in society.

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