Country Y is classified by the World Bank as a lower middle-income country, with GNI per capita in 2008 of US$980. This is only just above the middle-income threshold, which stood at $975 in 2008. In terms of the human development index (HDI), Country Y falls in the low human development group of countries, registering a value of 0.397, with a ranking of 149 out of 160 countries in the world.
Country Y gained independence from France in 1960 and enjoyed a long period of political stability until 1999, when the country experienced its first coup. This was followed by a much more unstable period politically, with a lengthy civil war. The fact that Country Y has more than 60 ethnic groups among its population of about 19 million has not helped to maintain stability.
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