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Standard form and logarithmic scales

What are standard form and log scales, and when and why do we use them? Dan Foulder explains

A big area, such as this wetland, measured in metres, will be a large number and should be given in standard form

The use of standard form applies to both AS and A-level biology but the use of logarithmic scales applies to A-level biology only.

In biology, we are often required to use very large numbers or very small numbers. Rather than writing these numbers with many zeros before or after the decimal point, we use standard form (also known as scientific notation) to present the numbers more compactly. Some examples of standard form are:

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