In Upgrade in the November 2014 issue of BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES REVIEW we looked at some of the mathematical topics that underpin AS biology. An underlying message emerged: simple mathematical tools are extremely useful to a biologist and there is no need to be apprehensive when it comes to using them. In this Upgrade, we will follow the mathematical theme a little further and look at two more topics — percentages and scales.
I live in an old farmhouse. As the weather warms up each spring, ladybirds start to become active and crawl across the windows. They are harlequin ladybirds. This species first arrived in the UK in 2003 after being introduced intentionally into North America and continental Europe for the biological control of aphids and other plant-sucking insect pests (see BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES REVIEW, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 10–15). As it gets colder towards evening, these insects retreat towards the corner of a window frame, clustering there until the following day (see Figure 1).
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