The Supreme Court was established in October 2009 under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, with the aim of bringing about a clearer separation between the legislature and judiciary. It replaced the judicial role of the House of Lords, bringing to an end the rather unusual arrangement in which the highest appeal court (known as the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords) was located in Parliament.
The creation of the Supreme Court was a highly symbolic act underlining the constitutional importance of an independent judiciary and the principle of the separation of powers. Its location on Parliament Square further serves to emphasise its significance as the UK’s highest court.
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